This paper describes a study where a new X-ray machine for security screening featuring\nmotion imaging (i.e., 5 views of a bag are shown as an image sequence) was evaluated\nand compared to single view imaging available on conventional X-ray screening systems.\nMore specifically, it was investigated whether with this new technology X-ray screening\nof passenger bags could be enhanced to such an extent that laptops could be left inside\npassenger bags, without causing a significant impairment in threat detection performance.\nAn X-ray image interpretation test was created in four different versions, manipulating the\nfactors packing condition (laptop and bag separate vs. laptop in bag) and display condition\n(single vs. motion imaging). There was a highly significant and large main effect of packing\ncondition. When laptops and bags were screened separately, threat item detection was\nsubstantially higher. For display condition, a medium effect was observed. Detection could\nbe slightly enhanced through the application of motion imaging. There was no interaction\nbetween display and packing condition, implying that the high negative effect of leaving\nlaptops in passenger bags could not be fully compensated by motion imaging. Additional\nanalyses were carried out to examine effects depending on different threat categories\n(guns, improvised explosive devices, knives, others), the placement of the threat items\n(in bag vs. in laptop) and viewpoint (easy vs. difficult view). In summary, although motion\nimaging provides an enhancement, it is not strong enough to allow leaving laptops in bags\nfor security screening.
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